Biology High School
Answers
Answer 1
There are several mechanisms that may help protect a mosquito from an internal infection with a potentially pathogenic fungus.
One of the main mechanisms is the mosquito's innate immune system. Mosquitoes have several immune response pathways that are triggered by the presence of foreign pathogens such as fungi. These immune responses include the production of antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen species, and the activation of specific immune cells.
Additionally, mosquitoes may have specific adaptations that help them resist fungal infections. For example, some mosquito species have a cuticle that is particularly resistant to fungal invasion, or they may produce specific molecules that inhibit fungal growth.
Finally, mosquitoes may also have symbiotic relationships with bacteria or other microorganisms that help protect them from infections. These symbiotic relationships can involve the production of antimicrobial compounds, the stimulation of the mosquito's immune system, or even the direct suppression of fungal growth.
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Related Questions
the enzyme that drives the atp-pcr system is called
Answers
Answer:
creatine phosphokinase
Explanation:
A 143-lb woman regularly exercises on a treadmill at a speed of 5.5 mph and a 2% elevation. What is her caloric expenditure?
Answers
The 143-lb woman burns approximately 312 calories during her 30-minute treadmill workout at a speed of 5.5 mph and a 2% elevation.
The caloric expenditure of the 143-lb woman can be estimated using the following formula:
Calories Burned = (METs x weight in kg x time in hours)
where METs (metabolic equivalent) is a measure of energy expenditure during physical activity.
For walking or running on a treadmill, the MET value depends on the speed and elevation. At 5.5 mph and 2% elevation, the MET value is about 9.5.
Converting the weight of the woman to kilograms, we get:
Weight = 143 lbs / 2.205 lbs/kg = 64.9 kg
Assuming that she exercises for 30 minutes, we can convert the time to hours:
Time = 30 minutes / 60 minutes/hour = 0.5 hours
Using the formula, we can calculate her caloric expenditure:
Calories Burned = (9.5 x 64.9 x 0.5) = 312 calories
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the ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.
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The collagen and mineral interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.
These interactions between collagen fibers and mineral components in the bone matrix provide the necessary balance of strength and flexibility for the bone's structural integrity. Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate is a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone strong and flexible enough to withstand stress.
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(blank) are individual units that can be put together to make larger structures
A. polymers
B. macromers
C. monomers
Answers
Answer: C. monomers
Explanation: Monomers are individual units that can be put together to make larger structures, making C correct
C. Monomers are individual units that can be put together to make larger structures. Monomers are small molecules that can bond with other monomers to form a long chain, known as a polymer. This process is called polymerization, and it results in the formation of large, complex structures such as proteins, DNA, and synthetic polymers like plastics.
the basis for ________ gene relationships is often the function of one gene being required for the expression of another in the same biochemical pathway
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The basis for epistatic gene relationships is often the function of one gene being required for the expression of another in the same biochemical pathway.
Epistasis occurs when the expression of one gene is affected by the presence of another gene, resulting in a deviation from the expected Mendelian ratios. The gene that influences the expression of another is called the epistatic gene, while the gene whose expression is affected is called the hypostatic gene.
Epistatic gene interactions are essential for normal development and function in many organisms, including humans, and they can have significant implications for genetic disease risk and diagnosis.
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The basis for "epistatic" gene relationships is often the function of one gene being required for the expression of another in the same biochemical pathway.
The basis for gene relationships is often the function of one gene being required for the expression of another in the same biochemical pathway. In other words, genes work together in a coordinated manner to perform various functions necessary for the organism's survival. This interdependence is essential for the proper functioning of biological systems, and any disruptions to these relationships can lead to disease or dysfunction.
Therefore, understanding the relationship between genes and their functions is crucial for advancing our knowledge of biological systems and developing effective treatments for a variety of conditions.
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1. The beak length of the finches that Darwin observed in the Galapagos Islands changed over time due to food availability. When there was a lack of insects, birds with thicker beaks survived because they were able to crack open seeds. When insects were plentiful, birds with smaller, longer beaks were favored. This is an example of ____________________ selection
Answers
The beak length of the finches that Darwin observed in the Galapagos Islands changed over time due to food availability. When there was a lack of insects, birds with thicker beaks survived because they were able to crack open seeds. When insects were plentiful, birds with smaller, longer beaks were favored. This is an example of This is an example of directional selection.
In general , natural selection acts on the genetic variation present in a population to promote the traits that are most advantageous in a particular environment. Directional selection occurs when individuals with a particular phenotype (in this case, birds with thicker beaks) are favored in a particular environment, leading to a shift in the population.
Also, Natural selection is a process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time based on their effects on an organism's survival and reproductive success. Hence , Galapagos finches provides a clear illustration of how natural selection can act on genetic variation within a population to drive evolutionary change in response to environmental pressures.
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If a donor cat was black and the surrogate mother was white, then the cloned cat would likely be
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I would say mixed with black and white or the cat would just be black because of the donor
The color coat of the cat would be black as the donor cat because the color coat does not depend on the coat color of the surrogate mother.
What is surrogacy?
Surrogacy is a process in which a woman carries a pregnancy and gives birth to a child on behalf of another person or couple. This can be done using the intended mother's or a donor's eggs, fertilized with the intended father's sperm, or using a donated embryo.
Surrogacy may be used in cases where the intended mother is unable to carry a pregnancy due to medical reasons. It is also used when a same-sex male couple or a single man wishes to have a biological child.
It may also be used in cases where the intended parents have experienced multiple failed attempts at assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
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explain homeostasis and heredity of traits
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Explanation:
homeostasis refers to the mentainance of relative body environment while heredity of trairs refers to the transmission of trairs from one organism to another
the prodromal period is when the maximum number of pathogen particles or organisms are present in an infected host.
Answers
The statement "the prodromal period is when the maximum number of pathogen particles or organisms are present in an infected host." is false.
During the prodromal period, a person begins to experience mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or muscle aches. This stage usually precedes the peak of the infection, when the most severe symptoms occur, and the pathogen load is at its highest.
The prodromal period is significant because it is the time when the immune system first starts to respond to the invading pathogen, leading to the onset of noticeable symptoms. T
he pathogen continues to multiply during this stage, eventually reaching its peak concentration in the host's body. This peak, which occurs after the prodromal period, is when the maximum number of pathogen particles or organisms are present in the infected host.
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Complete question:
T/F the prodromal period is when the maximum number of pathogen particles or organisms are present in an infected host.
Would intrinsically disordered polypeptide segments contain relatively more hydrophillic or hydrophobic residues?
Answers
Intrinsically disordered polypeptide segments contain relatively more Hydrophillic residues.
About 30% of the Human Proteome is made up of IDPs and proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). The primary distinction between IDPs and IDPRs is that they alternate between a variety of conformations rather than spontaneously folding into a single, well-defined 3D shape.
The amino acid sequence of a protein encodes both its existence and the type of problem it may have. In general, IDPs are characterized by a low concentration of bulky hydrophobic amino acids and a large proportion of polar and charged amino acids, commonly referred to as low hydrophobicity. This characteristic promotes positive interactions with water.
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Intrinsically disordered polypeptide segments do not have a defined three-dimensional structure and can contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues. However, they tend to have a higher proportion of hydrophilic residues such as charged or polar amino acids due to their solubility in the aqueous environment of the cell.
This allows the intrinsically disordered polypeptide segments to interact with a wide range of biomolecules and contribute to various cellular processes.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Which limiting factor would affect a crowded
(dense) population in the SAME WAY it would
affect a spread out (less dense) population?
mates
food
space
temperature
Answers
Answer: Food. Drought, diseases or infestations of crops and animals will cause food reduction to everyone equally.
Explanation:
The lack of food, for whatever reason will hurt any population.
Space can fixed by efficiency, building up, and not a problem with a less dense population.
Temperature can be regulated by either.
Mates could possibly be an issue for both, under certain circ*mstances of less females, but more likely to effect less dense populations.
which of these cells organelles is MOST like a post office in that it receives, packages/modifies, than sends proteins and other cellular material?
A. The mitochondria
B. The golgi body
Answers
Answer The Golgi Body
Explanation:
The answer is the Golgi Apparatus because it gets nutrients from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, their packages modify and then send the proteins to the lysosomes. It is not Mitocondria because that organelle only creates glucose which the cell intakes.
A(n) __________ is a group within the human species that is identified by a society as presumably having certain biologically inherited physical characteristics.A) race B) ethnic group C) minority group D) out-group
Answers
A race is a group within the human species that is identified by a society as presumably having certain biologically inherited physical characteristics. So, option A is correct.
In many societies, individuals are categorized based on these physical traits, which may include skin color, hair texture, facial features, and other visible differences. These classifications, however, do not necessarily represent the true genetic diversity within the human species. Rather, they are often social constructs that have been used historically to create distinctions between groups of people.
It is important to recognize that these distinctions are not scientifically valid, as genetic variation within any given racial group often exceeds the variation between different racial groups. Nonetheless, the concept of race continues to play a significant role in how societies structure and understand human diversity.
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damage to glomerular capillaries can cause loss of proteins in the urine. the direct effect of this would be:
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When there is damage to the glomerular capillaries, proteins that are supposed to be filtered out by the kidneys can leak into the urine. This condition is known as proteinuria.
The direct effect of proteinuria can be a variety of symptoms, including foamy urine, swelling in the legs and feet, fatigue, and decreased urine output. Over time, proteinuria can also lead to further damage to the kidneys and potentially even kidney failure. Therefore, it is important to identify the underlying cause of the damage to the glomerular capillaries and address it promptly to prevent any further complications.
Protein in the urine is referred to as proteinuria, a broad phrase. Albumin, globulin, Bence-Jones protein, and mucoprotein are just a few of the proteins that can be found in urine and are all referred to by this general name. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), which makes up over half of the protein excreted in typical urine, is produced in the distal tubule. Proteinuria that persists is a sign of damaged kidneys. Additionally, it aids in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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genetic variation can aid in the survival of species when the environment changes. which of the following is the best example of an organism with a genetic variation that could improve survival chances over time? select two correct answers. responses a cactus that has no spines a cactus that has no spines an ant that is resistant to pesticide an ant that is resistant to pesticide a mouse that has learned to avoid mouse traps a mouse that has learned to avoid mouse traps a moth with wings the color of tree bark a moth with wings the color of tree bark a wasp that is infected with parasites a wasp that is infected with parasites
Answers
An ant that is resistant to pesticide and A bird that is able to fly faster than its predators. Genetic variation is an important factor that can affect the survival of a species. So, the correct answers are B and F.
Changes in a species' genetic make-up are handed down from one generation to the next. A species can live in the face of change and adapt to new surroundings thanks to its variety.
A pesticide-resistant ant is an example of an organism having a genetic variant that could increase its chances of survival over time.
A pesticide-resistant ant is more likely to live in a setting where pesticides are utilised because the poison won't likely kill it.
Another illustration would be a bird that can fly more quickly than its predators. The bird will be able to survive and flee from predators thanks to this genetic diversity.
Complete Question:
Genetic variation can aid in the survival of species when the environment changes. Which of the following is the best example of an organism with a genetic variation that could improve survival chances over time? Select two correct answers.
A) A cactus that has spines
B) An ant that is resistant to pesticide
C) A mouse that has longer legs
D) A moth with wings the color of tree bark
E) A wasp that is resistant to parasites
F) A bird that is able to fly faster than its predators
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which statement about evolution is accurate?(1 point) responses animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries. animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries. dna is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. dna is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution. living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons. living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons. scientists no longer study evolution because it has been proven.
Answers
Living things have evolved and changed over time for specific, observable reasons, as stated by evolution. The correct answer is (C).
The process by which a population's genetic material changes over time is called evolution. Changes in genes, novel traits, and new species can all be the result of evolution, which is a reflection of how organisms adapt to their changing environments.
One of the mechanisms of evolution is natural selection. It is more likely that organisms will survive and pass on the genes that contributed to their success if they are better adapted to their environment. This interaction makes species change and veers over the long haul.
Natural selection is based on the idea that organisms with traits that can be passed down better adapt to their environment than other organisms of the same species do. When compared to other members of the species, this enables superior survival and reproduction, resulting in evolution.
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Q-Which statement about evolution is accurate? (1 point)
a. DNA is the only extant evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
b. Animals, plants, and microbes have their own separate, unrelated ancestries.
c. Living things have adapted and changed over time for specific, discoverable reasons.
d. Scientists no longer study evolution because it has been proven
the radioactive isotope that would be used in radiometric dating of a human skeleton found in association with an agricultural site is __________.
Answers
The radioactive isotope that would be used in radiometric dating of a human skeleton found in association with an agricultural site is carbon-14.
Radiometry is the measurement of radiant (electromagnetic) energy, including “optical radiation” with wavelengths between 101 and 106 nanometers (nm). The optical radiation spectrum is composed of the ultraviolet, the visible, and the infrared regions.
Radiometric units allow us to make absolute statements about the power of sources ranging from the sun to light bulbs or LEDs. This is critical given that the sensitivity of any radiometric measurement system is subject to the variation of all of the components such as the detector and optical components.
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The radioactive isotope that would be used in radiometric dating of a human skeleton found in association with an agricultural site is carbon-14 (c-14). Unstable forms of an element are referred to as radioisotopes.
Cosmic ray bombardment causes the radioactive isotope of carbon, carbon-14, to form in the Earth's atmosphere. During photosynthesis, it is absorbed by plants, after which it is integrated into the tissues of animals that consume the plants.
The carbon-14 in an organism's tissues starts to degrade when it dies at a known rate, with a half-life of roughly 5,700 years. Scientists can estimate the age of the linked agricultural site by calculating how much carbon-14 is still in the organism's skeleton and calculating when it died.
For dating archaeological sites that date back several thousand years, including those connected to the emergence of agriculture, radiocarbon dating is very helpful. An unstable radioactive isotope is one that is likely to decay into a more stable form.
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give two examples of organisms that are preferred to as decomposers.
Answers
Answer:
Earthworms, Millipedes
Explanation:
select the option that best describes the relative fitness of organisms. group of answer choices the probability of a population killing or eating another population before being eaten by a predator. the genetic contribution of a phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in the same population. how well people survive and reproduce in an environment. the genetic contribution of a genotype relative to all other genotypes in the same population. the genetic contribution of a phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in the same population.
Answers
Option d is correct. Relative fitness of organisms describes "The genetic contribution of a phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in the same population".
Fitness is the capacity of an organism to persist and procreate in a specific environment. The phenotype of an organism, or its distinguishable traits, is determined by both genetic and environmental influences.
The term "fitness" in evolutionary biology primarily refers to an organism's capacity for reproduction and the transmission of its genes to the following generation.
The fitness of one genotype in comparison to other genotypes in the same population is known as relative fitness. The percentage of genes that are handed down to the following generation is used to measure it.
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Complete question
Select the option that best describes the relative fitness of organisms.
a. The probability of a population killing or eating another population before being eaten by a predator.
b. The genetic contribution of a phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in the same population how well people survive and reproduce in an environment.
c. The genetic contribution of a genotype relative to all other genotypes in the same population.
d.The genetic contribution of a phenotype relative to all other phenotypes in the same population.
about half of the world's primary productivity is provided by group of answer choices zooplankton rainforest plants phytoplankton kelp and seaweed
Answers
About half of the world's primary productivity is provided by "phytoplankton".
What is phytoplankton?
Phytoplankton is microscopic plants that float on the surface of the ocean and are responsible for about half of the world's primary productivity. They form the base of the marine food chain, providing food for larger organisms such as zooplankton and small fish. Seaweeds and kelp, on the other hand, are larger marine plants that grow attached to the ocean floor and also contribute to primary productivity, but to a lesser extent compared to phytoplankton. Zooplankton is small animals that feed on phytoplankton and other small organisms in the ocean.
Role of phytoplankton:
Phytoplankton is microscopic plants that live in aquatic environments and carry out photosynthesis. They are responsible for about half of the world's primary productivity, meaning they contribute significantly to the global oxygen supply and serve as the foundation of the aquatic food chain, supporting zooplankton and other marine life.
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How many strands of DNA are copied in transcription?
O 1
O
4
2
3
Answers
Answer: 1 strand of DNA is used in transcription
Explanation:
Blood becomes 98% oxygenated in ____ seconds
Answers
Answer instanly so 1-5 secs
Explanation:
which concept is explored in this animation? an equilibrium model of species richness predicts the number of species that will be observed on an island. vicariant events, such as advances and retreats of glaciers, have affected the distributions of organisms observed today. biome characteristics determine the pattern of species distribution across the globe. a major process controlling the formation of the various biogeography regions observed today was continental drift.
Answers
The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) posits that species richness on islands represents a dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction.
ETIB makes predictions about numbers of species and biogeographical rates, on the other hand not about species identities or realistic traits.
Which two elements does the equilibrium theory of island biogeography basically suppose about as the determinants of species richness?
The equilibrium principle of island biogeography states that there is a stability of the extinction and immigration of the huge range of species on an island. Specifically, the costs of species immigration and extinction are equal.
The core mannequin of the theory, the equilibrium mannequin of island biogeography, predicts that species variety on an island is positively associated to the dimension of the island, but negatively related with the aid of capacity of the island's distance to the mainland.
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8. a human pedigree and the abo blood types of some of the members of the family are shown. show your work and circle your answer. a. what is the probability that iv-1 will have blood type o? b. what is the probability that iv-1 will have blood type b?
Answers
The probability that iv-1 will have blood type o is 50%, while the probability that iv-1 will have blood type b is 0%.
To calculate the probability that iv-1 will have blood type o, we need to look at the parents of iv-1, which are iii-1 and iii-2. Both of them are heterozygous for the ABO blood type, meaning they have one A allele and one O allele. This means that there is a 50% chance that they will pass on the O allele to their offspring, including iv-1. Therefore, the probability that iv-1 will have blood type o is 0.5 or 50%.
To calculate the probability that iv-1 will have blood type b, we need to look at the parents of iv-1, which are iii-1 and iii-2. Neither of them has the B allele, which means they cannot pass on the B allele to their offspring. Therefore, the probability that iv-1 will have blood type b is 0% or impossible.
In conclusion, the likelihood that an individual with iv-1 will have blood type o is 50%, compared to the likelihood that they will have blood type b being 0%.
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A human pedigree and the ABO blood types of some of the members of the family are shown. Show your work and Circle your answer. a. What is the probability that IV-1 will have blood type O? -111-2:X IA?, ½ ?B?, ¼ ??; Therefore, p(IA gamete from 111-2) is 1/8; p(IB gamete from 111-2) is ¼; and p(i gamete from 111-2) is 58. -111-3: IA?; Therefore, p(IA gamete from 111-3) is 1/2; and p(i gamete from 111-3) is 112. plIV-1-i)- p(i gamete from III-2) x p(i gamete from II-3) 5/8 x -5/16 0.3125
A liver cell differs from a skin cell in that they both have different DNA molecules in their nuclei. That's how they function differently from each other.
False/true
Answers
A liver cell differs from a skin cell in that they both have different DNA molecules in their nuclei. That's how they function differently from each other. This statement is false.
Difference between liver cells and skin cells
While it is true that liver cells and skin cells have different functions, the DNA molecules in their nuclei are actually the same. The differences in their functions come from differences in gene expression, which means that certain genes are turned on or off in each cell type. The origin of the cells (i.e. where they come from in the body during development) determines which genes are expressed and ultimately their function.
Both liver cells and skin cells have the same DNA in their nuclei since they come from the same organism. They function differently from each other due to the expression of different genes within their DNA, which leads to the production of specific proteins needed for their respective functions. The origin of these cells lies in the same DNA, but the specific gene expression determines their specialized roles in the body.
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the radial arrangement of microtubules around the polar centrioles in an animal cell is called a(n)
Answers
Aster refers to the radial arrangement of microtubules surrounding the polar centrioles in an animal cell.
Nine microtubule triplets form the centriole, which is a circular structure. Most of the time, the centrioles that are next to each other are at right angles. Triplets are the arrangement of nine microtubules in a ring.
The term "array" refers to the arrangement of microtubules in cilia or flagella. Q. Statement: The game plan of axonemal microtubules in cilia or flagella is called the 9+2 cluster. Reason: The axoneme typically consists of a pair of centrally located microtubules and nine pairs or doublets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules.
Nine triplet microtubules in a circular arrangement make up the majority of centrioles. A triplet microtubule consists of an entire microtubule, the A-tubule, and two additional partial microtubules, the B- and C-tubules, which are attached to it.
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the following question refers to the pedigree chart in the figure for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, w. affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle. what is the genotype of individual ii-5?
Answers
The genotype of the individual II-5 in the pedigree chart is ww as the individual is not affected like one of his parents and is most likely a recessive individual.
A pedigree chart, which is most frequently used to represent humans, show dogs, and racehorses, depicts the incidence and appearance, or phenotypes, of a specific gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next. A predefined set of symbols are used in pedigrees.
Squares are used to represent males, while circles are to represent females.
However, an unknown sex is represented by a diamond. A Filled-In (Darker) Symbol Is Used to Denote Someone Who Fits the Assigned Phenotype.
When Recognizable, Heterozygotes Are Marked by a Shaded Dot Within a Symbol or a Half-Filled Symbol.
In a pedigree, relationships are shown as a series of lines. In a pedigree chart, the parents are demonstrated by a horizontal line, while the offspring are meant by vertical lines.
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Correct question is:
The following question refers to the pedigree chart in the figure for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle. What is the genotype of individual II-5?
q7 is there a difference in diversity between the two sites if you looked at only the number of species? explain your answer in two sentences or less.
Answers
No, there is no difference in diversity between the two sites if we merely compare the number of species present at each site, as both sites had an equal number of individuals present. The following two factors contribute to species diversity.
The variety of species present in an ecosystem is referred to as its species richness. Since many different species can thrive in tropical areas, there are more species there. The relative quantity of individuals within each species is known as species evenness. The quantity of species present in a community is known as species richness.
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If you are shipwrecked, it is not a good idea to drink seawater because it __________.
Answers
If you are shipwrecked, it is not a good idea to drink seawater because it is too salty and can dehydrate your body instead of hydrating it.
This is because the salt content in seawater is much higher than the human body can handle and consuming it can lead to further dehydration and potentially dangerous health complications. It is important to find a source of fresh water or to collect rainwater in order to stay hydrated in a survival situation.
Drinking seawater can lead to dehydration due to its high salt content, which increases the salinity of your blood and causes your body to expel more water to remove the excess salt. This results in an increased need for water, making you thirstier and ultimately exacerbating dehydration.
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A woman decided to see what effects the presence of plants would have on the carbon dioxide levels in a fish tank. In one fish tank, she placed a lot of plants, while the other tank did not have any plants. She measured the production of carbon dioxide in both tanks every 10 minutes for one hour. What results and conclusion would she likely find?
A. The tank without plants would have a lower amount of carbon dioxide due to increased cellular respiration of the fish.
B. The tank without the plants would have a higher amount of carbon dioxide due to decreased cellular respiration of the fish.
C. The tank with the plants would have a higher amount of carbon dioxide due to a lack of photosynthesis of the plants.
D. The tank with the plants would have a lower amount of carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis of the plants.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
